Ancient Greek Silver Tetradrachm (Syracuse Arethusa Type)
Coin/Bullion · Syracusan Mint, Magna Graecia (Ancient Sicily)
Pattern: Arethusa/Quadriga Numismatic Series
Type
Coin/Bullion
Maker
Syracusan Mint, Magna Graecia (Ancient Sicily)
Material
High-purity Silver (approx. .950 to .980 AR)
Dimensions
Standard tetradrachm: approx. 24-30mm diameter, weight ideally approx. 17.2 grams.
Description
A classic example of Greek coinage from Syracuse, depicting the profile of the water nymph Arethusa. Her hair is intricately styled in curls with a headband, reflecting the highest achievement of ancient numismatic art.
Key Features
High relief, stylistic curls, pendant earring, and the iconic 'archaic smile' transitioning into Classical realism.
Material & Composition
High-purity Silver (approx. .950 to .980 AR)
Finish & Decoration
Struck high-relief obverse featuring the nymph Arethusa in Classical style; dolphin motifs commonly surround the portrait.
Hallmarks & Stamps
No modern hallmarks; ancient greek inscriptions (usually 'ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ') are typical on the reverse (not visible).
Construction Details
Hand-hammered/struck using hand-carved bronze dies; cold or hot-struck flan.
Functional Features
Ancient currency/legal tender; protective 2x2 cardboard and Mylar coin flip.
Handle & Grip Details
N/A (Numismatic object).
Craftsmanship Details
Exquisite hand-engraved die work; notable for the fluid three-dimensional quality of the portrait compared to flatter contemporary issues.
Authentication Indicators
Flow lines on the surface, appropriate crystalline structure for aged silver, and stylistic consistency with known Syracusan dies.
Origin & Manufacturing
Syracuse, Sicily; produced by skilled engravers (often referred to as 'Signing Masters' like Kimon or Euainetos).
Era & Period
Classical to Early Hellenistic Greek period (approx. 480–300 BC).
Age Estimate
Circa 405-395 BC based on the style of the Arethusa portrait.
Cultural Significance
Represents the height of Syracusan power in the Mediterranean and the transition of currency from mere weight to high art.
Condition Notes
Very Fine (VF) to Good Very Fine; evidence of surface toning/patina, slight wear on the highest points of the hair, secure in vintage collector flip.
Value Estimate
$500 - $3,000 USD depending on reverse state and definitive attribution to a master engraver.
Care & Maintenance
Do not polish or use silver dips; store in PVC-free flips to prevent chemical damage; handle by edges only.
Similar Pieces
Athenian 'Owl' Tetradrachms (more common), Corinthian Staters (Pegasus type), or later Roman Denarii.
Interesting Facts
The Syracusan Tetradrachm is considered by many art historians to be the most beautiful coin ever minted.